Active Voluntary and Nonvoluntary Euthanasia Essay Example for Free

Dynamic Voluntary and Nonvoluntary Euthanasia Essay The term willful extermination began from the Greek word for good passing. It is the demonstration or practice of consummation the life of an individual either by deadly infusion or the suspension of clinical treatment (Munson, 2012, p. 578). Many view killing as basically bringing help by easing agony and languishing. Willful extermination has been a long-standing moral discussion for a considerable length of time in the United States. Dynamic killing is just lawful in the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. Helped self destruction is legitimate in Switzerland and in the United States in the conditions of Washington, Oregon and Montana (Angell). A few overviews show that around 66% of the American open presently bolster doctor helped self destruction, and the greater part the specialists in the United States do as well (Angell). Dynamic intentional and nonvoluntary willful extermination matter since they permit the patient or family to diminish them of agony and enduring, and to kick the bucket with nobility and regard. In this paper I will contend that it is indecent and deceptive to deny a patient the option to pass on and that dynamic deliberate and nonvoluntary killing ought to be a lawful practice in the United States. When denied the option to kick the bucket one can persevere through an enormous measure of physiological and passionate agony. The 1973 instance of Dax Cowart is an extraordinary case of this. Dax experienced fourteen months of tiring, primitive medicines of skin debriding, tank soakings, and dressing changes. He contrasted the debridements with being destroyed and the arrangements poured over his skin resembled having liquor poured over crude tissue aside from it consumes more and more (Asher). Dax mentioned on a few unique events to simply disregard him and let him kick the bucket yet the entirety of his physicians’ rejected his solicitations and propped up with their treatment plan. The doctors were conflicting with the guideline of non-perniciousness, which states, â€Å" Physicians have a commitment to do no damage to the patient† (Munson, 2012, p. 892). Dax endured agonizing debridements for a considerable length of time without appropriate agony control since his doctors were too stressed over him getting dependent on the torment prescriptions. They knew how agonizing these debridements were for their patient and they kept on keeping up a similar treatment plan without any changes. They intentionally abused the rule of non-wrathfulness. In the event that dynamic willful killing were an adequate practice in the public eye, Dax ould have had the option to decline the medicines and bite the dust by method of contamination, or a doctor could have given him a deadly infusion. Both of these choices would have caused Dax to kick the bucket keeping his desires of poise and regard unblemished. For this situation, passing is less unsafe than the primitive medicines that Dax needed to suffer for endless months. Today, numerous Americans are so worried about the chance of a waiting, high innovation demise that they are receptive to specialists being permitted to enable them to pass on (Angell). This is the reason we have to sanction dynamic willful and nonvoluntary killing in the United States. In an article from The New England Journal of Medicine, Marcia Angell states, â€Å"The most significant moral rule in medication is regard for every patients self-rule, and that when this rule clashes with others, it ought to quite often take precedence† (Angell). To deny somebody their self-sufficiency is to regard that person as something not exactly an individual (Munson, 2012, p. 900). It isn't right to assume responsibility for somebody else’s life and to direct their activities. Every individual has an option to act self-rulingly; in doing this they should be able to pick among various choices. A constrained choice is no choice by any means (Munson, 2012, p. 901). Dax Cowart was denied his self-sufficiency when the specialists would not tune in to his desires of needing to kick the bucket; rather they did what they needed. Munson states that, â€Å"Making choices to benefit others, without talking with their desires, denies them of their status as independent agents† (Munson, 2012, p. 902). Dax was not offered alternatives to browse, nor was his voice heard at all the while, which disregarded the whole guideline of self-governance. It ought to have been his decision since it was his life. In a totally unique case, Terri Schiavo was denied her self-governance when she was kept alive on a taking care of cylinder, when she had recently expressed this was not what she needed on the off chance that it at any point came down to it. With our self-rule, we ought to reserve the privilege to state how and when we bite the dust. It ought not be founded exclusively on social orders ethics, qualities, and convictions. Nobody else ought to reserve the privilege to choose how one closures their life, aside from that individual. We esteem our independence since we are all the more ready to live with our own decisions at that point to have another person choose for us. Dynamic willful and nonvoluntary killing give patients their self-governance and option to pass on with pride. Dynamic willful and non-intentional killing ought to be an affirmed practice since it permits patients who are in a relentless vegetative express the opportunity to kick the bucket with respect, while permitting their friends and family to keep their ethics and qualities set up. Patients that end up in such heartbreaking conditions can't utilize their self-governance and settle on choices with respect to their treatment and likely finish of life care. Keeping up one’s self-sufficiency is a piece of a stately demise. In the event that these were endorsed rehearses, it would permit relatives the opportunity to stop their adored one’s enduring the manner in which they would have needed. It is exploitative to compel somebody to accomplish something without wanting to, as it is additionally improper to make somebody live if it’s against their needs or convictions. On February 26, 1990, Terri Schiavo fallen and out of the blue went into a steady vegetative state, where she stayed for a long time by supporting fake hydration and nourishment through a taking care of cylinder. Terri lost all nobility and self-governance when her terminal sickness came, requiring care nonstop. Michael Schiavo accepted that his significant other would not have any desire to be kept alive in her condition, which at last lead to his choice of ceasing her taking care of cylinder. Following a long, convoluted thirteen days, Terri starved to death. The way Terri passed on was extremely insensitive and untrustworthy; anyway it is an affirmed practice in the United States that keeps on being utilized even today. On the off chance that dynamic willful and non-deliberate killing were an adequate practice in the United States, patients like Terri would not need to pass on in such a brutal way. It is exploitative to permit a patient to starve to death, as it is additionally untrustworthy to deny a patient the option to kick the bucket (Munson, 2012). Non-deliberate willful extermination would have permitted Terri to bite the dust torment free with her respect and wishes set up. In Timothy Quill’s article, Death and Dignity, A Case of Individualized Decision Making, he discusses his patient Diane, who was determined to have leukemia. Diane denied all medicines and in the long run settled upon home hospice care. It was critical to Diane to keep up control of herself and her pride during the time staying to her. She needed to stay a self-ruling individual, and when this was not, at this point conceivable, she plainly needed to pass on. She asked Dr. Plume for resting pills, which he composed a remedy for realizing she experienced difficulty dozing, yet additionally realizing it could be a necessary chore when the opportunity arrived for Diane. Diane had the option to settle on an educated choice to end her own life and to kick the bucket with pride and her desires regarded at long last. Dr. Plume states, â€Å"I realize we have measures to assist control with tormenting and decrease enduring, to imagine that individuals don't endure during the time spent biting the dust is an illusion† (Quill 2). This is the reason individuals in our general public ought to be increasingly receptive to dynamic deliberate and non-intentional killing. These two ideas can permit our critically ill, enduring, friends and family beyond words the pride and regard they merit, as Diane had the option to do. Patients who are determined to have a terminal sickness, for example, malignancy or dynamic neurological issue in the long run become frail and incapacitated. These patients wind up depending on family, companions, and medicinal services laborers to assist them with doing their exercises of day by day living, for example, batheing and eating. A considerable lot of these in critical condition patients lay in bed enduring, with zero personal satisfaction, simply standing by to kick the bucket. These patients have lost their will to live and discover no delight or basic joys left in life on the grounds that their agony has gotten excessively insufferable. These patients endure consistently, while loved ones watch, powerlessly; as their friends and family decay step by step. It is untrustworthy for society to anticipate that these patients should go on with the personal satisfaction they are keeping up. In critical condition patients ought to be permitted to control their downfall and end their enduring available to their own. Accordingly, dynamic deliberate and non-intentional killing ought to be a socially worthy and affirmed lawful practice in the United States. One could restrict the first contention saying that dynamic willful and nonvoluntary killing ought to stay illicit in the United States since it is harsh and savage. Patients do have different choices, for example, hospice projects and agony control. These give elective alternatives that can be morally and ethically worthy in our general public. There are various choices to treat interminable agony, for example, opiates. There are a colossal assortment of opiates available, which can all be attempted until a particular one is seen as to directly for that tolerant. Palliative consideration and hospice programs are increasing more consideration for the finish of life care they accommodate critically ill patients. The objectives of these projects depend on comfort care, nobility and regard to the critically ill patient. These projects permit patients to bite the dust with their nobility, regard, ethics, and qualities all set up. Because of the reality t

Technology to the Study Habits of the Students of Ceu Essay Sample free essay sample

This Thesis applies as an assault of innovative examination to break down the open introduction of students when presented to registering machine games. or on the other hand the internet. PC games. other than known as figuring machine games. are computer games played on a universally useful individualized computing machine rather than a devoted picture game comfort or arcade machine. Their characterizing highlights incorporate a lack of any concentrated controlling approval and more noteworthy limit in input. handling. what's more, final result. PC games arrived at across the board notoriety following the computer game clank of 1983. particularly in Europe. taking to the age of the â€Å"bedroom coder† . From the mid-90s ahead they lost mass-showcase grasp to comfort games before lounging a recovery in the mid-2000s through advanced dissemination. The Internet is a planetary arrangement of interrelated figuring machine networks that utilization the standard Internet convention suite to work one million a huge number of clients around the world. It is a trap of networks that comprises of 1000000s of private. We will compose a custom paper test on Innovation to the Study Habits of the Students of Ceu Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page open. scholarly. concern. what's more, specialists networks. of nearby to planetary range. that are connected by a wide exhibit of electronic. radio and optical systems administration engineerings. The Internet conveys an all-inclusive extent of data assets and administrations. for example, the between connected hypertext paperss of the World Wide Web and the base to back up electronic mail. Web presents is an interruption to the understudies on account of cultural systems administration destinations. Others are occupied on account of erotica. While a few needs to be commended that is the reason the internet is an interruption. As the twelvemonth level of understudies in school gets higher. their study wonts vary from clasp to cut. The kind of overview wonts they have shows the distinctions or improvements by they way they become gifted and sincere about larning new things. Investigating does non simply remember the preparing of understudies to stand apart for classification however alongside the backings of the exercises previously educated. It is basically surveying and executing to mind new data. Moreover. break down wonts can be determined as buying out a devoted planned and un-intruded on clasp to utilize one’s sense of self to the endeavor of obtaining. Without it. one does non turn and go self-restricting throughout everyday life. Really. it plays an extremely of import work on their scholarly open introductions. The impacts of overview wonts on student’s scholastic open introductions depend on how they rehearsed their ain review wonts. It is truly non difficult to get top notch and ground-breaking investigating wonts and procedures. A significant number of these are extremely good judgment and the key is the utilization of solid study devices and non truly in the devices entirely. What shows up each piece straightforward can truly be clear questioning. in add-on. students should in any case observe a few factors that might be considered for breaking down usefully in bettering their review wonts. These variables incorporate ; a decent topographic point for dissecting. satisfactory clasp to rest. a fixed plan and puting out a positive end. In any case. it despite everything relies upon the students on how they will have the o ption to build up their review wonts through their ain individual way. Foundation and its Survey What is the youth’s return on Social systems administration Sites? Friendly. High Sociable or Friendly? Widespread McCann qualified â€Å"Power For The People †Wave3† Declared The Philippines as â€Å"The Social Networking Capital of the world† with 83 % individuals from cultural systems administration web. Clearly. the turning figure of clients of these figure cultural systems administration are STUDENTS! Long range interpersonal communication in the Philippines brought around by Filipino progress. Filipino = Friends helping companions. companions and contacts are significant in connecting and achieving a higher level of systems administration and well disposed relationship. Prior yearss Television is the start of beguilement of the youngster! Today. with the happening to the internet as a robotic unbounded all the customary signifiers of entertainment media ( broadcasting. remote. are combined with just the chink of the mouse ) !

Survey of Public Opinion Regarding Immigrants and Immigration Essay

Review of Public Opinion Regarding Immigrants and Immigration My point of view on the issue of US movement is not quite the same as most Americans since I went to the United States as a worker. Firsthand, I comprehend what it resembles to remain in long queues at the migration office, planning to have my number called to talk with a screening official. I realize that it is so difficult to endure the jobless half year parole period while hanging tight for a migration meet. What's more, I recognize what it resembles to have my movement application denied because of detail. I feel for individuals going to the US since I realize the framework isn't anything but difficult to explore. Thus, I reached 30 individuals and posed the accompanying inquiry: Should the family members of foreigners in the USA be permitted to move to this nation? I chose a gathering of 15 men and 15 ladies from loved ones as I suspected this gathering would be anything but difficult to reach and would concur taking an interest in an overview. Age went from around 24 to 83 and included 10 direct outsiders or offspring of foreigners from Australia, England, India and Italy. I for one talked with, called or messaged every individual the overview question and had a subsequent discussion requesting reasons supporting their supposition. While trying to recognize patterns, members were additionally approached to give the accompanying segment data: Age Ethnic Group Conjugal Status Sex Instruction Level Religion Occupation Origin Citizenship I foreseen three results from this overview. To begin with, I anticipated a greater part of respondents would concur that family members of migrants ought to be permitted into the US with the accompanying conditions: first, they move legitimately; second, they are sponsore... ...e was that individuals were interested to find what the prevalent attitudes were. Following finishing the study, a few members were interested and gotten some information about other people groups' reactions. I presume this is on the grounds that individuals need a feeling of having a place with a gathering and like their convictions to be in accordance with prevalent sentiment. I accept the aftereffects of this review to be precise as the overview was directed in a reasonable and expert way. Nonetheless, I additionally found how simple it very well may be to control the information and the assessments of members to support a solitary perspective. Studies are a significant strategy for social occasion, summing up and introducing a lot of information. In any case, while depending on surveys to shape sentiments or decide, individuals ought to think about the source, search for any irreconcilable circumstances, mull over different roads of data and make their own inferences.

A Easy Tip About Cosmetology Scholarship Essay Samples Uncovered

A Easy Tip About Cosmetology Scholarship Essay Samples Uncovered The Cosmetology Scholarship Essay Samples Trap Therefore, you've decided you need to visit nursing school, but realize you might require some financial guidance. Thus, the student should produce the argument compelling. Most nursing students understand how to conduct researches and incorporate them with the other concepts that they've learned in class in the true world application. Prospective students considering the subject of nursing will locate the career rewarding. Cosmetology isn't just work. It can change someone's entire life. It is a career I am really interested in. The cosmetology is such branch of science which provides an enormous scope to people who need to continue to keep their look maintained every moment. Without knowing suitable essay making, your likelihood of going into a fantastic college are slim. With the expert writers of our team, you do not need to fear about anything once it comes to nursing essay writing help. There's a whole lot of work involved with turning into a cosmetologist. Therefore, it's completely okay if you ask someone for support. When these essays can seem like a little step toward your future, they're a step nonetheless. Having us to fix any of the issues which you may face when coming up with scholarship essay topics will be advisable for you. If you would like to get high high quality research and thesis papers in time and for a sensible price, you should probably try out using EssaySupply.co m. Furthermore, one is a 500-word reply and the other one is a 1,000-word reaction. Want to Know More About Cosmetology Scholarship Essay Samples? There are various specialists for cosmetology. Go through the next essay and produce your understanding on the problem of cosmetology. Don't forget that the chief body of your essay should contain a few paragraphs where you should develop all the points about the topic of your essay. Make an outline prior to starting. An essay outline can help you organize the total structure of your essay. Prepare an outline employing the facts gathered in the very first phase of the essay development. 1 factor of the nursing course that maynot be overlooked is writing essays. So, needless to say, you will wish to know the principles of writing a winning essay. There are various ways to begin an essay and all you have to do is to use one that can offer the most positive impact to the men and women who will review your scholarship essay. Becoming conscious of common essay mistakes and the way to repair them can help you make an impressive scholarship essay. The introduction must give an overall comprehension of what the audience is all about to search. You won't be required just to wait around for the essay to be finalized, but you'll have a function in the manner it's going to be transcribed. Because of this, it could be challenging for you to compose your reflective essays. A scholarship essay is a significant document which is used in the processes of scholarship application. Considering all the knowledge areas and tips that you're already conscious of in writing a scholarship letter, you're able to easily put together all of the information that you have to make sure you and your scholarship letter will stick out. A scholarship essayis part of ascholarship application. Writing a scholarship essay may not be an easy endeavor for many students. Most schools will provide you with guidelines about what they're searching for in a letter of intent. Even in the event the essay prompt is the very same, do some research into the particular scholarship or offering organization to observe ways to better reach them. You're able to discover a job almost once you're out of the cosmetology school, and a few schools even have placement alternatives. That means you can order for our high school scholarship essay examples without needing to be concerned about your private information.

Anthropology Vs Psychology Anthropology Versus Psychology

Many things can happen during childhood, some events much more extreme than others. This reminded me of the passage â€Å"Child Custody: Anthropology versus Psychology† from the short story Notes from an Expert Witness. Many households experience a divorce some can be easy and painless, and others can have a large impact on a child’s life. My family fell under that fifty percent, and for better, or worse it has sculpted my childhood and made me who I am today. It all started with typical fighting between parents, nothing major. Soon fights got worse, and the child custody battle began, and this is when my life began to change. It all began with family feuds. I was in third grade, going into fourth when the fights started appearing. I figured they had been going on longer, but this is when they could no longer hide it from my sister and I. It started with short disputes and nothing too extreme, as time passed the fights only got worse and more frequent. It went from my dad sleeping on the couch, to living in our basement, and then to moving onto our boat. The arguments caused issues for myself as well. I was losing sleep because at this age nothing could be worse than your parents splitting up, even if it was for the best. It was a very stressful environment so it was hard for me to get homework done. As the separation ran its course, it took a big chunk out of my confidence at that age. Williams 2 Once the divorce was finalized, moving trucks were here, and out of nowhere myShow MoreRelatedMultivariate Statistical Analysis : Natural And Physical Processes1078 Words   |  5 Pagesare related to one another, and also how they work in combination to differentiate between the cases on which the observations are made. Several research disciplines such as biology, medicine, environmental Science, Psychology, Sociology, Economics, Education, Archaeology, Anthropology have broad applications of Multivariate statistical analysis (2). 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The Dangers of Living with an Eating Disorder Essay

The Dangers of Living with an Eating Disorder Imagine waking up every morning, struggling to get out of bed. The room spins. Stumbling over to the mirror, you study and criticize every last inch of your body as the words â€Å"fat, ugly, worthless† echo in your head. You then stagger to the bathroom, using the wall to hold you up. You don’t remember the last time you ate a â€Å"normal† meal. Stepping on the scale will determine your mood for the day. If it has decreased since yesterday, you have succeeded; if it has stayed the same, or worse, gone up, those voices inside your head become stronger, telling you how useless you are. Throughout your day, you skip meals and avoid food at all costs, or binge on whatever food is in sight and†¦show more content†¦Symptoms of these disorders are often both evident in those with eating disorders. According to the National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders (ANAD), approximately 7 million women and 1 million men battle eating disorders in this country. Between 0.5-3.7% of females will suffer from anorexia in their lifetime, while 1.1-4.2% will suffer from bulimia. Of all those fighting anorexia it is reported that 10-25% will die as a result of their eating disorder. Eating disorders are the most fatal psychological illnesses. It truly is a deadly diet. It is also reported that 86% of those with eating disorders will have symptoms before the age of 20. One of the most staggering statistics is that one of five college women suffer from bulimia nervosa. Carolyn, a 21-year-old Queens University student suffering from years of disordered eating, said that the pressures of college trigger her negative behaviors. â€Å"I’m so constantly stressed from my program†¦pre-med, how ironic†¦that the behavior is induced every time I turn around,† Carolyn said. 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Girls who are in trouble can become withdrawn and isolated, they may stop caring how they look and become sad. Cutting, eating disorders and use of drugs or alcohol can become a problemRead MoreAnorexia Bulimia: Why Are American Teens Starving Themselves?1533 Words   |  7 Pagesand say they have an eating disorder. Anorexia and bulimia is a disorder that can not be taken lightly and needs to have more focus and the dangers to be taught to youth. Anorexia and bulimia sometimes are thought of as the same, they are not. Anorexia is an eating disorder, marked by extreme fear of being over weight and leads to excessive dieting to the point of serious ill health. Bulimia is a condition in which bouts of overeating are followed with bouts of under eating, use of laxatives or

A Report On The Globalization of the Construction Industry free essay sample

Globalization on the construction industry In terms of related Issues, which affect the overall bulling market. The Influence of globalization on the construction Industry Is the transformation of local and regional markets Into one global market. Impacting local construction Industry In providing open construction trade. The globalization affects the characteristics and structure of international construction activity with issues relating the challenges from the global climate. The aim for the international construction industry is to provide the supply and demand of related goods and revise required to undertake the necessary projects. The construction industry is a major contributor to the world wide. The long term objectives of any companies are survival and growth. By engaging in international trade and marketing activities companies become less vulnerable to competitive attacks as they are able to offset seasonal and cyclical fluctuations in their domestic market and are able to diversify in their market portfolio, products or services as well as competitive position. We will write a custom essay sample on A Report On The Globalization of the Construction Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Such activities Increase the size of a companys market share, there by achieving survival ND growth.Markets are defined as economical places of transaction where price are formed through the Interaction of supply and demand for a good. This theoretical observation set aside, there is no simple and practical definition of a market. Industrial organization theory approaches the problem from the perspective of goods by defining them as a bundle of characteristic such as quality, location, time, availability, consumers information etc. And the differentiates market according to a limited subset of characteristic of these goods.Changes in the current economy in the past decades and in the near future have been presenting new challenges to the construction industry. The ability of the construction companies to respond to them will have significant Implications for the companies to advantage of the opportunities these challenges present. The trends that have relation to the construction Industry Include: Globalization Globalization on the construction industry in terms of related issues , which affect the overall building market. The influence of globalization on the construction industry is he transformation of local and regional markets into one global market.Impacting local construction industry in providing open construction trade. The globalization services required to undertake the necessary projects. The construction Industry Is a major contributor to the world wide. The long term objectives of any companies are survival and growth. By engaging in international attacks as they are able to offset seasonal and cyclical fluctuations in their domestic market and are able to diversify in their market portfolio, products or services as well s competitive position.Such activities increase the size of a companys market share, there by achieving survival and growth. Markets are defined as economical places of transaction where price are formed through the interaction of supply and demand for a good. This theoretical observation set aside, there is no simple and practical definition of a market. Industrial organization theory approaches the problem from the perspective of goods by defining them as a bundle of characteristic such as quality, location, time, availability, consumers information etc. D the differentiates market according to a limited subset of characteristic of these goods. Changes in the current economy in the past decades and in the near future have been presenting new challenges to the construction industry. The ability of the construction companies to respond to them will have significant implications for the companies to advantage of the opportunities these challenges present. The trends that have relation to the construction industry include: The construction industry is a major contributor to the world wide.The long term trade and marketing activities companies become less vulnerable to competitive services required to undertake the necessary projects. The construction industry is a activities increase the size of a companys market share, there by achieving survival formed through the interaction of supply and demand for a good. This theoretical will have significant implications for the companies to advantage of the opportunities these challenges present . The trends that have relation to the construction industry include:

Movies Essays - Aftermath Of War, Wars Of Independence,

Movies Each war had a serious impact on the individuals surrounding it, whether it be the soldiers, Indians, slaves, women, children, and even the entire feeling of the countryside. The commonality in each of the three films, "Last of the Mohicans," Mary Silliman's War," and "Glory," was war, but each centered on a different segment of the population and the different wars of the time period. The French and Indian War was depicted in the "Last of the Mohicans," showing the trials the settlers of the countryside faced while the French fought for control of the union against the British in the mid-18th Century. Focusing on the strengths of women, "Mary Silliman's War" encompasses the revolutionary war as the Americans try to break free from Britain. Finally, the inner fight between the Union is depicted in "Glory," which gives startling footage on the black man's struggles in the fight for emancipation. Through studies, in course work, various books including Boorstin, Brinkley, Gross, and others, and by watching the films, a better understanding of the trials of freedom that American individuals undertook in the 17th and on into the19th Century was received. A connection of the feelings, emotions, and trials of the history of all Americans is felt and interpreted in the following paragraphs. As the first white settlers came to what is to be America in the early 17th Century, the struggle for power was inevitable. Looking through time and history, power has always been a key factor in the lives of the people of the nation, and it still is today. The nine years of the French and Indian War (1754), which was in part depicted in the "Last of the Mohicans," showed how two countries were fighting over control of the people and land of the colonies. We can see that the fighting had to do with power and control of other people and property. Feelings for those not in the war, innocent people, were overlooked and pushed to the side. In addition, the first American settlers, the Indians, were treated as pawns in a bigger game only to take what was theirs to begin with. Both the French and the British tried to win the Indians over, only to later push them further into the western countryside, until there would latter simply be no room for them. "Mary Silliman's War," focusing on the revolutionary time period in the late 18th Century, included the powerful struggle of the British to control the Americans. Instead of the struggle for the power of the land, at this point the British had the land and now focused on controlling the freedoms of the people of the nation. When the British felt as if they were loosing control, they grasped to incorporate a tighter system of government into the lives of Americans. The rejection of this control lead to the many horrifying years of war. The efforts of Americans to create a better nation did not end here. The northern and southern parts of the nation were not yet unified, even after fighting against the British in the revolutionary war. In fact, it was difficult to combine the entire nation and not stay divided in tiny communities as in the past. These factors, along with many other differences of opinion when dealing with the colored people of the nation, lead to an even greater power struggle than ever before. The southern Confederacy wanted the power to control its own nation, separate from that of the northern Federacy. The people and leaders in the south did not want to give up control of "their" slaves. The white man felt power by controlling what he thought was a lesser person, in this case the blacks. Seen again and again in the history of Americans, the power to control other people, for example, the Indians, slaves, and women, were victims in the struggle of the white man to feel superior to others. Whenever a problem would arise where power was threatene! d the country would then became engaged in battle. The movies were unique in their own element, because they focused on a group of individuals and carried out their story of becoming part of the nation. "The Last of the Mohicans," was very bold in showing how the leaders of the British side reacted to the French and to the people of what is to become the United States of America. It also

Answers to More Questions About Usage

Answers to More Questions About Usage Answers to More Questions About Usage Answers to More Questions About Usage By Mark Nichol Confusion about words or phrases with similar connotations or constructions is common; here are several questions from DailyWritingTips.com readers about usage, and my responses. 1. What is the difference between remuneration and emolument? The words have essentially the same meaning – â€Å"compensation or payment† though remuneration also pertains to payment by a customer or client, and emolument also refers to perquisites, or perks (privileges or offers for employees such as one’s own parking space or free use of a fitness center.) 2. I wish to know when and where to use toward or towards, and what is the difference? The words are variations with identical meanings. Towards is British English, though many Americans use it, especially in conversation. Toward is preferable in formal US English. 3. In my country, bottled, aerated drinks like Coca-Cola and Pepsi are called â€Å"cold drinks† universally. But a sizable community calls them â€Å"cool drinks.† How do I convince and let them know the difference between cool and cold? Also, many people use the term action in place of acting when it comes to describing someone’s performance in a film or a play. â€Å"Cold drink† (and â€Å"cool drink†) may be universal in your country, but there are many terms for carbonated beverages, so I think any effort to try to control usage in this case is futile. As for action used as you describe, English usage evolves, and what may seem like an aberration now will often become standard vocabulary in the future. Even if action never becomes formally acceptable as a synonym for acting, its persistence as a variant is probably inevitable. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:Among vs. Amongst25 Idioms with Clean

Media in Everyday Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media in Everyday Life - Essay Example Negative precisions mainly are social ills such as moral bankruptcy. Mass media include telephone, radio, television, newspapers, magazines, films, CD's, internet, camera and many others. These are all agent of immoral acts that shall affect everybody not just young individuals but also the older people. Influence of the media shall affect our perception on things no matter how refused it. For instance, the younger generations are greatly indulging themselves to modern innovation of technologies. The important structure of media is its capability to penetrate culture. Now everything we perceive is a product of media. It was not so long ago that we are on the brim of industrializing nations while several inventions are looming to facilitate the Industrialized Age. The sages of different nations have proved that everything beyond our limits can be achieved. Now the results are prevalent. The emergence of mass media has aim to reach other people in a community and even through around th e globe in a just a matter of minute. It is also significant to employ any forms of mass media or the so called mass advertising in the scope of the business since it is to cut the cost of individual advertising. However advertising faces several issues such as the issue on uprightness. In contemporary living, advertising intensify consumption. Most people rely on advertising, the immediate effect of the products is what seems to be enticing especially that it fashions on the taste of the people. The folks are even influenced through what they have heard in the radio or have watched in the television. It is creeping that one friend of mine usually indulges herself to beauty products but there was no immediate result of it as what have saith on the media, in fact her natural beauty already has distorted. Many people also that I met on the streets whether they'd be young or old employ the same products that help to conceal their imperfections. Have anyone ever tried to ponder why the television are endorsing about younger looks or are making fancy things while no one talks about being old and embarking the world Why, perhaps because they were afraid to face the reality. Absolutely, the media has often lulled us to the world of fancy things while reality is obscured. The mantra of media is different that it alters moral value into hollowed values. However, enlisting the negative effects of the media would also count its important and thus it as essential in finding the loopholes of media to tackle its positive impacts. Telephone, a facet of media is hailed as one of the most significant invention created by A.G. Bell. It is used to transmit and decode voices from predefined source. Before telephones were used to communicate within a specific location. As the need grew wider, it was innovated to reach distant areas. The populace was dissatisfied on the sluggish stir of via air mail or post mail. Particularly during the verge of wars when soldiers were set out in t he battlefield likened to a million miles outside their home. In order to communicate with their families and to bring news on their condition, they have to draft a letter for their loved ones. A car truck is out there to pick the letters and send it to any destinations in the world via air mail. The disadvantage is that the receiver will receive the letter for a couple of days. Only then they know how worst or how better is

Maximizing the learning experience for adult learners (Principles for Essay

Maximizing the learning experience for adult learners (Principles for adult learning) - Essay Example Adult learners have unique attributes that affect the ways in which they learn. On reaching adulthood, an individual achieves autonomy and can exhibit self –direction. This aspect influences how they learn because they need to express their autonomy in the learning process. Therefore, an effective adult educator must have strategies of ensuring an involvement of the learners. For learners to express their autonomy in the learning process, it will be crucial for the educator to present them with an opportunity to contribute in the development of study objectives. Moreover, other avenues of engagement in the learning process such as group work and individual presentations will foster autonomy in the learners (Sharma, 2006:45). It is critical for adult educators to have facilitation skills as they will prove effective in providing the individuals with proper guidelines contrary to teaching. Autonomous adults will only need guidelines because they can endeavor in personal studies and research in order to advance knowledge. Moreover, autonomy will require adult learners to establish personal that conform to the objectives of the learning process. The learning experience must provide an avenue for the learners to find self-fulfillment through a successful pursuit of personal goals. Both patients and nurses require having a set of personal goals that can meet an individual’s personal learning needs. Therefore, an educator must exhibit competency in demonstrating the procedure of personal goal setting (Sharma, 2006:45). It is critical for an educator to emphasize the need for the learners to understand the significance of personal goals. In doing this, the educator must highlight the harmony between the class learning objectives and personal goals. Adult learners approach the learning experience with a unique perspective. They anticipate for an opportunity to cooperate in their experiences into the learning

Thinking about your future self Essay Example for Free

Thinking about your future self Essay When I am 72 years old, I will have a large family with grandchildren and grand-grandchildren. I will be the happiest person in the world, who has overcome seven decades of fruitful life, has valued the essence of the life; to love and be loved, and has learned how to love and be loved. I see myself as a tender and loving grandmother, full of optimism and respect towards innovation and progress. I will cherish warm relations with all of my family members, old friends and other relatives. I do not imagine my life without close people, especially at the end of the life, human relations become more specific and as all elder people, I too, will greatly depend upon positive relations. Maintenance of friendly and loving atmosphere around me will be my main goal. I would dream to be in good health and good shape but for 72 years old person being able to take care of myself, to be able to move, to see and hear, do not have chronic serious illnesses is a positive perspective. From now on I foresee that I might have problems with my backbone and probably have blood pressure problems. Problems of mobility are also threatening me and many of the population, due to ignorance of healthy lifestyle and less time spent on walking and being in the nature. It’s difficult to look ahead and see what goals I will have in my elder years, practically the last years of my life. They will be short termed and rather practical; to try to be in good health, make my days differ and spend those years surrounded by family members. The last dream seems so unreal, due to the life conditions and intentions of the younger generation to live separately. In many cases the education and career development of the younger members force tem to leave home. One more point, I will probably not be adaptable to new places to live and will keep the house I am used to live in. I tried to analyze if I will be self centered or an open and devoted person. Today I am in the middle, and I hope to keep the same line also during the years that seem so distant. In order to be able to love and be loved, one should keep the middle line and not forget the outer world or oneself. I will be surely concerned about the well being of my relatives and friends, as much as I will be concerned about myself and try to get the same attitude towards me. I will be very upset if I am forgotten, or my birthday is not remembered, my heritage and life experience is not appreciated etc. Anyway, the goals of my last years will be like a prologue; appreciation of my past. When I thought about the age 72, it seemed to me that I will be full of wisdom, will know EVERYTHING about life. It is an expectation young people cherish in their hearts, that one day they will get all the answers. It is something impossible; people leaving the world leave much more puzzled than they were before. I have always read the question â€Å"Why?† in the eyes of the dying people. I am not someone special and will probably think about the life and human relations, about God, birth and death, life full of sufferings and efforts, full of endless work, failures and successes. I have the feeling that I will be sitting on a high hill and look down at the world. I will probably be extremely puzzled about what I see Daily activities will surely save me from thinking about global issues that have not so far found their answers. I will read a lot; will watch TV, mainly news and new films, will listen to music, the old and my loved ones. Internet will have its place in my life. I will try to walk a lot and attend clubs of my interest. If my health and finances allow me, I will travel a lot. I will try to make the last stage of my life into an endless vacation. Active lifestyle is my passion. If I am healthy, I will be in motion every minute. Again and again, my family members will take the most special part of my life. I really dream to be able to spend time with my grandchildren, to play with them, talk to them, take care of them and serve their loved dishes on their birthdays. I will try to create commemoration days, family days which will gather the large family all together. Unity can save from an endless number of troubles. The main goal of the elderly, in reality, should be the cultivation and maintenance of unity among the family members. I will try to reach this goal and be the tying force for my family.

Plagiarism Essay -- essays research papers

Plagiarism Part I: Relevant Important Term: Plagiarizing The english dictionary states several definitions of the word Plagiarize: 1) To steal or purloin from the writings of another; to appropriate without due acknowledgement (the ideas or expressions of another). 2) Take without referencing from someone else's writing or speech; of intellectual property 3) To put forth as original to oneself the ideas or words of another. The definition in the dictionary correspondes accurately with what I had defined for plagiarism. According to the definition, you do not commit plagiarism by simply using another person's idea or writing but it occurs only when you do not give acknowledgement or reference of where you acquired the information. There is a fine line between using another person's idea legally and illegally. The only difference between the two is whether or not you give credit to where you got your information. Plagiarizing is a crime and students may be failed in school or even expelled for committing plagiarism; On the other hand, with proper citation, incorporating other's ideas for the purpose of broadening our own knowledge as well as fulfilling requirements in projects such as research papers can be a great asset. Also, according to the third definition, you cannot turn in something that is mostly or entirely composed of someone else's work and call it your own simply because you cited it. You can not do this because As long as we are careful in giving credit to wh...

How Does Social Deviation Affect Culture?

Every human culture has members who exhibit deviant behavior. Deviant behavior is any action that is criminal, unacceptable, confusing or just strange to the majority of the culture's members. Each culture differs in its response and handling of deviant behavior. For example, behavior that would land someone in a mental institution in the United States might cause placement as the village shaman in other cultures. Although deviance might be harmful to a culture, it is also essential to cultural flexibility and change. Crime oUnited States culture classifies some deviant behavior as criminal.This sort of behavior has written laws and sanctions against it. Persons who act in such ways are liable to be arrested and punished in the judicial system. Most crime has victims who are hurt or otherwise negatively affected by the behavior. Criminal behavior influences others in a culture by inducing fear and anger at the criminals and sadness for the victims. Crime rates can drastically alter c ities and neighborhoods in appearance and demographics. Vagrancy oVagrancy deviates from cultural norms requiring that all persons hold taxable employment and reside in a structure zoned for residence paid for by rent or mortgage.Vagrancy is an example of a crime gray zone. Anti-vagrancy laws do exist to discourage the behavior, but most people do not consider the behavior criminal. Rather, people consider the behavior unacceptable or repulsive. The presence of vagrant behavior can reduce the success of a city or town business economy, cause others discomfort when confronted with the behavior in the public sphere and reduce the number of persons available for employment. Weakening of Norms oOne of the biggest threats deviation holds to a culture's status quo is the weakening of norms.If too many people are allowed to operate with deviant behavior, the behavioral norm becomes violated. This might occur in a cycle. Professor Lisa Barnett of Coe College states that a weakening of cultu ral norms might actually cause deviant behavior. Creation of New Norms oThe ability of deviant behavior to weaken norms might also provide a positive construction of new norms. For example, 40 years ago in the United States, most people considered body piercing to be deviant behavior. It was not illegal, but the culture deemed the act repulsive.As more people began expressing this deviant behavior, norms against body piercing weakened. Today, body piercing is more culturally acceptable than ever in the United States. Revolution oWhen deviants seek not only to go against cultural norms, but also to change them significantly, cultural revolution can occur. Deviants may present a completely alternative lifestyle to what is predominantly held as acceptable. If enough people adopt the deviant lifestyle, the behavior is no longer deviant and itself becomes the norm. The cycle then continues when persons deviate from the newly established norms.

International Law and Politics and Collective Security - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3350 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Did you like this example? International Law and Politics In the 20th century, the hope that international organisation to safeguard the peace and security by preventing war or failing that, to defend States which subjected to armed attack in an organised and collective manner is now embodied in the concept of collective security.[1] Art1 of UN Charter[2] emphasises on the maintenance of international peace and security, and this is achieved by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"effective collective measuresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ as mentioned in the same paragraph. Claude illustrated the importance of this mechanism to maintain peace by using the example that the society cannot educate the children without an operating system of school. Collective security system has been given chance to come in play after the disintegration of East Block and the end of cold war, however its effectiveness is still subjected to controversy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "International Law and Politics and Collective Security" essay for you Create order On one hand, it has provided framework to minimise the conflicts from becoming major threats to world peace and conversely this system is hijacked by the world big powers sitting in the UN Security Council (SC) with their personal interests in mind.[3] Varieties of legal problems that have practical importance were surfaced due to political difficulties and ambiguities of the language of the UN Charter.[4] The UN Charter introduced a new solution to the use of force by imposing the limits and qualifying the used of it.[5] Firstly, Art2(4)[6] extended the doctrine of non-intervention to all states and turning it into a universal norm. At the same time, it allows the members act in self-defence if an armed attack occurs in the States under Art.51.[7] This must be reported to the SC and SC retains its responsibility to take such action as it deems fit. Furthermore, the use of force is allowed under Chapter VII of the Charter in terms of collective security measures. Art42[8] permits the SC to take action by air, sea or land forces to maintain or restore international peace and security. Additionally, the council can adopt measures under Art41[9] such as disruption of economic relations or the severance of diplomatic relations. Before these actions could be taken, the council must first determine the existence of any threat or breach of the peace or act of aggressionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ under Art39.[10] Besides, Art40[11] requires the SC to take provisional measures to prevent the aggravation of the situation. After the determination of any measures, Art.43[12] indicates that UN members to contribute forces to the council by way of formal agreement. The first success of collective security mechanism is in the Gulf crisis 1990 whereby the sanctions were adopted for humanitarian ends. In the case of Iraqà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s invasion of Kuwait, the forces from member countries are available to stop and search vessels so that economic embargo in the Gulf can be effe ctive. This was authorised by SC under Resolution 661[13]. Resolution 687[14] that contained conditions for the ending of the conflict in the Gulf was agreed to by Iraq as part of the ceasefire arrangement.[15] This includes giving up certain types of weapons, not to develop or acquire nuclear weapons and liable for all damages as a result of the unlawful invasion. Due to non-compliance of Resolution 687[16], the SC continues to apply sanctions on Iraq. Prior to implementation of Resolution 687, the SC has adopted Art42 in Resolution 678 as Iraq failed to withdraw the forces from Kuwait after the invasion as required under Resolution 660[17]. This resulting the authorisation of member states co-operating with the Government of Kuwait to use all necessary means to evade Iraq forces from the territory of Kuwait. This effectively delegates the enforcement power to the states that willing to carry out necessary measures to achieve the objective.[18] The response shows that UN is ready t o respond to aggression. The UN is now prepared to follow the steps under the Charter to resolve the disputes peacefully before resorting to the use of armed force.[19] Operation of collective security can be seen in various situations as the SC actively engages themselves in the wider role of enforcement in regards to threat to the peace. During cold war period, the functionality of SC was affected as there is strong rivalry between the superpowers, any collective efforts through the UN is difficult to realise.[20] Therefore, any instances of humanitarian intervention were all unilateral actions by States individually without express authorization by the SC. The expanding scope of global human rights regimes in the post-Cold War era creates a suitable timing for a wider interpretation of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"threat of peaceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ which given to SC under Art.39. This development lead to authorisation of SC in regards to humanitarian intervention starting from Resolution 688[21].[22] Under this Resolution, SC claimed that Iraqà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s repression of Kurdish as creating a threat to international peace and security.[23] This effectively creates a legal authority for other nations to intervene Iraq for humanitarian purposes. The reaction of SC in Iraq situation represents the trend that principles of state sovereignty have lost the privileged status particularly when fundamental human rights are disregard.[24] The expansion of the interpretation of Chapter VII by SC is discovered in their efforts in domestic democracy building. In the post-Cold War, reduction of ideology friction enables SC to exercise its Chapter VII powers more frequently, in which it undertakes more ambitious peace building activities.[25] The strong western values in the SC resulting from the political influence of three permanent members (US, UK and French) led to the wide interpretation of Chapter VII in order to intervene in States for democracy building. The SC di d not oppose the request by Nicaragua for electoral assistance in 1989. As a result, UN had created a large-scale election verification mission to oversee the entire electoral process.[26] Additionally, the SC had used the power under Chapter VII to authorise the use of force to re-establish deposed democratic regimes.[27] Resolution 940[28] is passed allowing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"necessary forcesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to restore Aristide government in Haiti where they were democratically elected but overthrew by a coup.[29] The recurrent use of sanctions by SC in exercising the power under Chapter VII shows effectiveness in maintaining international peace and security. Sanctions include embargo on international flight, arms embargo and reduction of diplomatic personnel under Resolution 748 were imposed on Libya as they failed to comply with extradition requests and provisions in Resolution 731.[30] SC had further expand the sanctions by freezing the asset of Libyan government, ban on impo rts of oil-transporting equipment and further reduction of diplomatic personnel under Resolution 883 as Libya failed to respond to the requests. This was effective as the objectives of the sanction measures were satisfied when Libya had finally agreed to fulfil the request of Resolution 731. [31] Another successful sanction is seen in the case of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) as stated by Cartright and Lopez (2000). In light of deteriorating economic situation in Yugoslavia and threat of tighter regimes of sanctions, President Milosevic had agreed to stop the fighting in Bosnia and Resolution 1022[32] was lifted.[33] Towards the end of 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, there are a series of events that challenge the collective security system established in Gulf crisis. The intervention by NATOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Operation Allied Forceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in respond to massive gross violation of human rights against the Kosovar population without authorisation of SC lead to controversy.[34] On 24 March 1999, NATO began its air strike on FRY without raising the matter in SC. This raises the question of legality of the NATO intervention. The reasons put forward by NATO were the enforcement of resolutions (Resolution 1160[35], 1199[36], 1203[37]) by SC with unspecified sanctions in case of non-compliance and prevention of humanitarian disaster.[38] Hanspeter criticised that the arguments are not convincing as even though the SC determine the existence of threat based on Chapter VII, it does not allowed the Member States to take any actions without the endorsement of the SC beforehand.[39] After the air raids, Resolution 1244[40] was subsequently passed by the SC to allow deployment of forces in Kosovo. This resolution was viewed as indirect and subsequent authorisation; however, it is argued that nothing in the resolution pronounce the legality of the NATOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s air strike. Some commentators contended that Resolution 1244 endorsed NATOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s action ex post facto in a cautious manner.[41] It remains doubtful on whether humanitarian intervention can be fully endorsed by the international law as being a third exception of Art4(2). British Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1986 contest the legality of humanitarian intervention and ICJ rejected US humanitarian intervention in Nicaragua.[42] Through the example of Kosovo intervention by NATO, it shows that States will go beyond the agreed perimeter of security system to achieve something they think is politically inevitable. Other criticisms of the collective security system are seen in the Afghanistan crisis 2001. In relation to terrorist attack on US, the SC had taken up the role under Chapter VII to proclaim that the attack amount to threat to international peace under Resolution 1368[43]. In Resolution 1373[44], SC further imposes measure on the Member States to adopt measures under their criminal law to prevent financial support for terrorism acts. T he SC in responding to this crisis merely adopt non-military measures, while US on the other hand adopt military measures against Afghanistan to remove Al-Qaeda and even Taliban government, claiming inherent self-defence under Art51 of the Charter. Academics have identified few ambiguities in which the SC failed to address even though they are within the Chapter VII.[45] Firstly, it is found that there are lacks of factual evidence of Al Qaeda and Talibanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s culpability when US is directing self-defence.[46] Besides, in exercising self-defence, the force required to be proportionate and immediate. The immediacy appears to lost where the response appeared to be in the shape of punitive reprisals instead of purely self-protection. Proportionality remains in doubt given that the attack on US was minor as it only involved building, but the responses by US were massive which includes removal of Taliban government. SC did not come out with further resolution to respond the ir finding of threat to international peace under Chapter VII. There is no clear indication of whether SC treats this as solely an Art.39 situation where authorisation measures are required or a Chapter VII Self-defence where they can come out with measures in appropriate time. The failure of SC in addressing the status of US self-defence amounts to its ambiguity to satisfy competing political demands. It appears that US is in control of the international peace instead of SC using its mechanism in dealing collectively. This response jeopardise the functionality of SC in regards to Chapter VII as self-defence is treated as outside the context and limits of the UN charter.[47] The case of war against Iraq in 2003 appears to challenge the collective security mechanism. The coalition of countries (US, UK and Australia) claims that Resolution 678 authorised the restore of international peace and security in the area. Resolution 687 outlined the condition that Iraq would have to accept for a cease-fire to come into effect, which includes disarmament. Subsequently, Resolution 1441[48] found Iraq to be in material breach of Resolution 687 and warned of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"serious consequencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ for non-compliance. The coalition relied on the justification of the reactivation of Resolution 678. Majority of the Member states view that this resolution did not provide automatic authority for the use of force; it should be for the council to decide whether Iraq was in breach of Resolution 1441.[49] There is a further argument that pre-emptive self-defence validly legitimises the intervention. It is however argued that the pre-emptive self-defence would not work as US had failed to demonstrate a clear link between Iraqi and Al-Qaeda terrorist.[50] Clearly, SC in post-Iraq case is irrelevant in exercising limited ability to exert a pull towards compliance.[51] Glennon stated that this lead to states to consider whether it is wise to use force rather than whethe r it is lawful.[52] Lately, there are discussions on whether Libya intervention demonstrates a resurgence of international law through Resolution 1973[53]. This resolution authorised à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"all necessary means to protect civilians under the threat of attackà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Pierre identified that generally Libya intervention was done in accordance to international law under Resolution 1973.[54] However, this resolution was being criticised, as the language was vague to the extent that wide interpretation was adopted in regards to the intervention. It is unclear whether the extend of the intervention was within the confinement that intended by the SC in the resolution. In conclusion, the collective security system has its relevancy in solving the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s biggest problem relating to peace. Its effectiveness can be seen in the instances where SC expanded its power through wide interpretation of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"threat to the peaceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ that a llows collective security efforts to address humanitarian crisis and democracy building. After Gulf crisis, SC in few cases did not effectively enforce the power under Chapter VII in controlling used of force due to political reasons. The Libya intervention is seen as a return to a more traditional collective security. In this regards, SC should exercise their power accurately to allow the use of force by the member states within the perimeter that is best suited with the particular crisis. This will increase the confidence of member states in SC when they deal with international crisis. 2197 words Bibliography Primary Resources Statutes and Statutory Instruments Charter of the United Nations 1945 Council of Europe: Parliamentary Assembly, Resolution 1022 (1994) on the Humanitarian Situation and Needs of the Displaced Iraqi Kurdish population UNSC Res 660 (2 August 1990) S/RES/660 UNSC Res 661 (6 August 1990) S/RES/661 UNSC Res 687 (9 March 1991) S/RES/689 UNSC Res 678 (29 November 1990) S/RES/678 UNSC Res 688 (5 April 1991) S/RES/688 (1991) UNSC Res 940 (31 July 1994) S/RES/940 UNSC Res 1160 (31 March 1998) S/RES/1160 UNSC Res 1199 (23 September 1998) S/RES/1199 UNSC Res 1203 (14 October 2011) S/RES/2013 UNSC Res 1368 (12 September 2001) S/RES/1368 UNSC Res 1373 (28 September 2001) S/RES/1373 UNSC Res 1441 (8 November 2002) S/RES/1441 Secondary Resources Books Higgins Rosslyn, Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It (1st edn, OUP, Oxford 1994) OisÃÆ' ­n Tansey, Regime-building: Democratization and International Administration: Democratization and International Administration (1st edition, OUP 2009) Cassis Antonio, International Law (2nd edition, OUP 2005) Dixon Martin, Textbook on International Law (7th edition, OUP 2013) Shaw Malcolm, International Law, (6th edition, CUP 2008) Journal Articles Pierre ThielbÃÆ' ¶rger , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Status and Future of International Law after the Libya Interventionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2012) GJIL 11,48 Glennon, Michael J, Why the Security Council Failed (2003) Foreign Affairs 82(3): 16à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"35. 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Ebegbulem , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢The Failure of Collective Security in the Post World Wars I and II International Systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2011) https://www2.hu-berlin.de/transcience/Vol2_Issue2_2011_23_29.pdf accessed 16 March 2015 [4] R Higgins, Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It (1st edn, OUP, Oxford 1994) 53 [5] Christopher M. Ryan, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Sovereignty, Intervention, and the Law: A Tenuous Relationship of Competing Principlesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1997) MJIS Vol.26 1, 79. [6] Charter of the United Nations 1945, Article 2(4) [7] Ibid Article 51 [8] Charter of the United Nations 1945, Article 42 [9] Ibid Article 41 [10] Ibid Article 39 [11] Ibid Article 40 [12] Ibid Article 43 [13] UN Security Council, Resolution 661 (1990) Adopted by the Security Council at its 2933rd meeting, on 6 August 1990, 6 August 1990, S/RES/661 (1990) [14] UNSC Res 687 (9 March 1991) S/RES/689 [15] Malcolm N Shaw, International Law, (6th edition, CUP 2008) 1248 [16] UNSC Res 678 (29 November 1990) S/RES/678 [17] UNSC Res 660 (2 August 1990) S/RES/660 [18] Neuhold, Hanspeter. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Collective Security after à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Operation Allied Forceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law (2000) 1, 84 [19] Stephen M. De Luca, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Gulf Crisis and Collective Security under the United Nations Charterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1991) https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1021context=pilr accessed 15 March 2015 [20] Saban Kardas, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Examining the Role of UN Security Council in Post-Cold War interventions: The Case for Unauthorized Humanitarian Interventionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2010) USAK Yearbook Vol3 55, 75 [21] UNSC Res 688 (5 April 1991) S/RES/688 (1991) [22] Kelly Kate Pease and David P. Forsythe, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Human Rights, Humanitarian Intervention, and World Politicsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1993) HRQ Vol 15 1, 303 [23] Judy A Gallant, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Humanitarian Intervention and Security Council Resolution 688: A Reappraisal in Light of a Changing World Orderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1992) American University International Law Review Vol 7 881, 882 [24] Ibid 882 [25] Jeremy Farrall, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Building Democracy and Justice after Conflict: Working Paper No. 1 The Role of the UN Security Councilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢(2010) https://regnet.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/BD-WorkingPaper1.pdf accessed 16 March 2015 [26] ibid [27] Tansey OisÃÆ' ­n. Regime-building: Democratization and International Administration: Democratization and International Administration (1st edition, OUP 20 09) 29 [28] UNSC Res 940 (31 July 1994) S/RES/940 [29] Tansey OisÃÆ' ­n. Regime-building: Democratization and International Administration: Democratization and International Administration (1st edition, OUP 2009) 29 [30] V. Popovski, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fighting the Colonel: Sanctions and the Use of Forceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2011) Jindal Journal of International Affairs Vol 1 148, 153 [31] ibid [32] Council of Europe: Parliamentary Assembly, Resolution 1022 (1994) on the Humanitarian Situation and Needs of the Displaced Iraqi Kurdish population, 27 January 1994, 1022 (1994) [33] Victor D, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Pressuring Milosevic: Financial Pressure Against Serbia and Montenegro Part 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2012) https://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Articles/Special-Feature/Detail/?lng=enid=154572tabid=1453376834contextid774=154572contextid775=154574 accessed 16 March 2015 [34] Antonio Cassis, International Law (2nd edition, OUP 2005) 351 [35] UNSC Res 1160 (31 March 1998) S/RES/1160 [36] UNSC Res 1199 (23 September 1998) S/RES/1199 [37] UNSC Res 1203 (14 October 2011) S/RES/2013 [38] Neuhold, Hanspeter. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Collective Security after à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Operation Allied Forceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law (2000) 1, 98 [39] Ibid 99 [40] European Union: European Commission, Kosovo (under UNSCR 1244) 2007 Progress Report, 6 November 2007, SEC(2007) 1433 [41] Antonio Cassis, International Law (2nd edition, OUP 2005) 351 [42] Neuhold, Hanspeter. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Collective Security after à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Operation Allied Forceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law (2000) 1, 102 [43] UNSC Res 1368 (12 September 2001) S/RES/1368 [44] UNSC Res 1373 (28 September 2001) S/RES/1373 [45] Eric P.J. and Nigel D., à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Twin Tower Attack: An Unlimited Right to Self-Defence?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2002) OUP 7 J. Conflict Sec. L. 5 [46 ] Thomas M. Frank, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Terrorism and the Right of Self-Defenseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2001)The American Journal of International Law Vol. 95, No. 4 839,843 [47] Eric P.J. and Nigel D., à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Twin Tower Attack: An Unlimited Right to Self-Defence?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2002) OUP 7 J. Conflict Sec. L. 5 [48] UNSC Res 1441 (8 November 2002) S/RES/1441 [49] Malone, D.M., à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The International Struggle Over Iraq: Politics in the UN Security Council 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"2005à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2006) OUP [50] Alex J Bellamy, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Feature-Legality of the Use of Force Against Iraq, International Law and the War with Iraqà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2002) MJIL https://www.law.unimelb.edu.au/files/dmfile/downloadd4651.pdf accessed 16 March 2015 [51] Franck, Thomas M. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The power of legitimacy among nationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1990) OUP Vol. 3. [52] Glennon, Michael J, Why the Security Council Failed (2003) Foreign Affairs 82(3): 16 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"35. [53] UNSC Res 1973 (17 March 2011) S/RES/1973 [54] Pierre ThielbÃÆ' ¶rger , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Status and Future of International Law after the Libya Interventionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2012) GJIL 11,48